Memory Management Glossary
Understanding memory management is fundamental to efficient debugger usage.
Virtual Address Space
Each process's independent 4GB (32-bit) or 128TB (64-bit) address space, mapped to physical memory via page tables.
Page Table (PML4)
64-bit Windows four-level page table: PML4 → PDPT → PD → PT, translating virtual to physical addresses.
Physical Memory
Actual RAM memory. VT Debugger can operate on physical addresses via EPT, bypassing virtual memory protection.
Memory-Mapped File
Technique mapping file contents into process address space for efficient large file I/O.
Heap
Dynamically allocated memory region managed by the heap manager. Often scanned during debugging to locate data structures.
Stack
Memory region storing local variables and return addresses, typically growing from high to low addresses.
DEP/NX
Data Execution Prevention, marking data pages as non-executable via page table attributes to prevent code injection.
ASLR
Address Space Layout Randomization, randomizing module base addresses on each load to increase exploitation difficulty.
Memory management knowledge is core to reverse engineering and debugging.
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